Ivanova I.A.Stoyanova D.Nenova E.Kostadinova A.Staneva A.2024-07-162024-07-162024-07-162024-07-162020-01-011314-79781314-7471SCOPUS_ID:85114622693https://rlib.uctm.edu/handle/123456789/1332The nanotechnology is the fastest developing branch of science in the border of physics, chemistry, biology and electronics. The ecological effect of nanomaterials on various organisms is still not enough understood. This review of the literature presents the mechanisms of action of nanomaterials: eluted metal ions, size and form of nanoparticles, reactive oxygen species and non-ionic interactions. The results obtained by different authors on the effects of graphene, metal nanoparticles, their oxides and nanocomposites on different types of organisms - prokaryotes and eukaryotes are described. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the new materials are discussed in respect to their medical and environmental significanceenArticle