Browsing by Author "Lazarov L."

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    APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF BIOMASS FROM FENNEL FRUITS
    (2023-01-01) Nikolova М.; Pencheva M.; Dimov M.; Bozadzhiev B.; Lazarov L.; Damyanova S.; Lasheva V.; Stoyanova A.; Yavorov N.
    During the processing of fennel fruits (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) for obtaining essential and vegetable oils, biomass is released. It is mainly used as an additive for feeding or as an organic fertilizer. The aim of this research is to investigate the possibilities of using biomass obtained during the processing of fruits from harvest 2020 and 2021 as a biosorbent of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions or as a biofuel. The two biomasses were milled and the final fractions obtained by sieve analysis (between 384 and 413 μm) were analyzed. The FTIR spectrum was recorded as 4000 - 400 с-1. Both biomasses act as biosorbent under the following conditions: pH 1.0, agitation speed 300 rpm, adsorbent dose 1.05 g L-1, initial Cr (VI) concentration 80 mg L-1, temperature 30°C. The energy indices used in the assessment of fennel fruit biomass potential as conditional biofuel were calculated: calorific value (15783.40 - 15968.16 kJ kg-1), density (464.19 - 582.91 kg m-3), and heat equivalent (250.05 - 317.68 kJ m-3)
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    Cloacal bursa morphology in turkey broilers challenged with aflatoxin b1 alone or co-administered with mycotox ng
    (2020-01-01) Grozeva N.; Valchev I.; Lazarov L.; Hristov T.; Kanakov D.; Dimitrov K.; Binev R.
    Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of moulds from the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus being the main producers). The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on bursa of Fabricius morphology. Also, the possibility for prevention of toxic effects of AFB1 by feed supplementation of a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB) was studied. Experiments were carried out with sixty 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10). Groups were as followed: Group I – control (fed standard feed according to the species and age of birds); Group II – experimental, whose feed was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, Group III– experimental, whose feed contained 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1, Group IV – experimental, whose feed contained 0.4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1, Group V – experimental, supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG and Group VI – experimental, supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG. The duration of the experiments was 42 days. The changes in bursal morphology in control and treated groups were followed out after the end of the study. In birds from experimental groups ІІI and IV, atrophy and degenerative changes have occurred in the bursa of Fabricius: reduction of lymphoid cell-populations in lymphoid follicles along with dystrophy. Feed supplementation with the tested toxin binder (Groups V and VI) resulted in partial neutralisation of deleterious effects of AFB1 on severity of histological lesions: interfollicular oedema, considerably lower lymphoid follicle rarefaction.
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    Effect of aflatoxin B1 alone or co-administered with mycotox ng on the renal function and morphology of Turkey broilers
    (2019-01-01) Valchev I.; Grozeva N.; Kanakov D.; Hristov T.; Lazarov L.; Dimitrov K.; Binev R.
    The changes in relative weight of kidneys, blood plasma uric acid, urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphate, and the morphology of kidneys were investigated in turkey broilers with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis B1 (AFB1) treated or not with a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB). Experiments were carried out with 60 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10): Group I – control (0 mg/kg AFB1 not supplemented with Mycotox NG); Group II (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG), Group III (0.2 mg/kg AFB1), Group IV (0.4 mg/kg AFB1), Group V (0.2 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG) and Group VI (0.4 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG). The changes in blood parameters were assayed on day 21 and 42. Blood analysis in groups III and IV on day 21 showed increased urea and creatinine concentrations and reduction in blood uric acid, calcium and inorganic phosphate. These changes tended to become more pronounced on day 42. The relative weight of kidneys was increased in groups III and IV after the end of the experiment. Morphological alterations of renal parenchyma in Groups I and II were not present. In birds from group III, desquamation of epithelial cells from the basement membrane, dilated glomerular subcapsular space and round-cell proliferation were noted. In Group V, these changes were far more severe and comprised granular and fatty dystrophy, karyolysis and plasmolysis, necrobiotic to necrotic processes, haemorrhages, congestion. The supplementation of the feed of groups V and VI with the tested toxin binder reduced the severity of reduction of kidneys’ relative weight, magnitude of changes in blood parameters, and the frequency and severity of histological lesions.
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    EVALUATION OF MYCOTOXIN BINDER SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTION PARAMETERS AND ORGAN WEIGHTS IN TOULOUSE GEESE WITH EXPERIMENTAL AFLATOXICOSIS
    (2022-03-01) Valchev I.; Stoyanchev K.; Marutsova V.; Kanakov D.; Lazarov L.; Hristov T.S.; Binev R.
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of a mycotoxin binder (Mycotox NG 0.05%) in 40 day-old Toulouse geese from both sexes with experimental aflatoxicosis. The birds were reared from day one to 42 days of age on deep litter system and divided into four groups. Nor-mal feed free of aflatoxin (AFB1), was given to the control (Group 1). The feed of Group 2 was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, aflatoxin (0.5 mg/kg feed) was supplemented to the feed of Group 3 and Mycotox NG (0.05%) + 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 – to the feed of Group 4. Production parameters (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion) and relative organ weights were recorded. The results showed that the total feed intake, final live weight of Mycotox NG + AFB1 treated birds (Group 4) at 6 weeks of age were significantly increased (P<0.01) as compared to birds treated only with AFB1 (Group 3). The total feed conversion ratio of the group given AFB1 only (Group 3) at 6 weeks of age was significantly increased (P<0.01) compared to controls while in Mycotox Ng + AFB1 treated birds (Group-4) it was significantly increased (P<0.01) by post treatment week 1 vs controls, but not as compared to birds treated with AFB1 alone. There was a significant increase in relative weights of liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard in birds fed only afla-toxin (Group 3). The co-administration of Mycotox NG (0.5 g/kg feed) with AFB1 (Group 4) reduced the relative weights of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The study concluded that dietary supplementa-tion of Mycotox NG could partially neutralise aflatoxicity in geese.
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    Investigations on liver function in mulards with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis
    (2014-01-01) Groseva N.; Valchev I.; Binev R.; Kanakov D.; Hristov T.; Lazarov L.; Uzunova K.; Nikolov Y.
    Ducklings are among the most sensitive avian species to the toxic effects of aflatoxin .,B1 (AFB1). In this experiment, the toxic effects of AFB1 on liver morphology, blood plasma aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), albumin, blood glucose, and plasma total protein (TP) were established in mulard ducks. The experiment was carried out with four groups of 20 10-day-old ducklings each. Each group included three subgroups with 10 birds. The groups were as followed: group - control (which received standard feed according to the species and age), group - experimental, which received compound feed with 0.5 mg/kg AFB1, group I receiving compound feed supplemented with 0.8 mg/kg AFB1 and group IV . compound feed supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 and 2g/kg Mycotox NG. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Macroscopically, livers were enlarged, rounded, with yellowish colour and a frail consistency in group and I. Histopathologically, a various extent of dystrophy was detected depending on the dose of ingested toxin. The supplementation of compound feed with the mycosorbent Mycotox NG improved deviations in blood biochemical parameters and substantially reduced the severity and prevalence of histological lesions.