Browsing by Author "Lekova A."

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    Life cycle assessment of environmental damages caused by nitrate fertilizers production in Bulgaria
    (2004-01-01) Lekova A.; Boiadjiev D.; Kostova S.; Gràncharova A.
    The objectives of this study were to assess the production of nitrate fertilizers taking into account all the stages in its life cycle from ``cradle-to-grave`` via Life Cycle Impact Assessment methodology. Archived data of two artificial fertilizer plants ``Neohim`` and ``Agropolihim`` has been utilized. Definition of the boundaries of the analysis and the stages of the nitrogen fertilizer life cycle, as identification of burdens, chemical and other environmental impacts, have been performed during the production of two types of nitrate fertilizers: stabilized ammonium nitrate and NEOFERT®. Data analysis is conducted by using LCA software - ``TRACI`` of USEPA. Stressors that may have potential effects on the following impact categories: global changing of nitrogen cycle, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, human health criteria, land and water use, have been characterized.
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    Quantitative evaluation of alternatives for municipal solid waste treatment in Bulgaria
    (2006-01-01) Grancharova A.; Boiadjiev D.; Lekova A.; Kostova S.
    The present practice for treatment of municipal solid wastes in Bulgaria is to collect them in landfills. This leads to a serious ecological problem related to the emission of landfill gas which is extremely harmful for the environment (causing global warming). In this paper, four alternative policies for municipal waste treatment are defined (landfill without utilization of the landfill gas, landfill with producing synthetical gas from the landfill gas, landfill with producing electricity from the landfill gas and waste incineration with production of electricity). Four criteria to evaluate these alternatives are formulated. Selection of the best alternative is represented as a multi-criteria optimization problem and a strategy to solve this problem is developed. Copyright © 2006 IFAC.