Browsing by Author "Nenova Z."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Elucidation of the contribution of modified titania films over the performance of thin film humidity sensors
    (2013-05-21) Kozhukharov S.; Nenova Z.; Nenov T.; Ivanov S.; Machkova M.
    The present research focuses on comparative measurements of the influence of complex additives on the sensitivity of humidity sensors, prepared by the sol-gel metrhod. Three different dopants were added to the primary mixture in order to improve the properties of the films, expressed in water uptake capability, as follows: Bismuth acetate (CH3COO)3Bi, Vanadium-2,4 pentadionate (C15H21O6V), and Sodium tert-butoxide (CH3)3CONa. The properties of the obtained sensors were evaluated by determination of their electrical resistances in a chamber with controlled humidity. As a result, it was experimentally established that the most significant positive effect over both the increase of sensitivity and the measurement range enlargement come from V(III)-2,4 pentadionate with Sodium tert-butoxide.
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    Humidity Sensing Elements Based on Silica-Graphene Surface Layers
    (2024-01-01) Nedev N.; Nenova Z.; Kozhukharov S.; Ivanov S.; Nenov T.
    The paper presents humidity sensing elements based on silica-graphene surface layers, prepared via a sol-gel method. The samples were sintered at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. Tetraethoxysilane was used as a precursor of SiO2 and as a dopant - graphene aggregates of nanoplatelets. A description of the sample preparation procedure is provided. Using a precise impedance analyzer and a calibrator for humidity and temperature, the changes in their resistance R were investigated with variations in relative humidity in the range of 30% to 90% at a temperature of 25 °C and at a frequency of 20 Hz. Morphological observations and map data analyses were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDX). The developed sensor elements have a good sensitivity to the humidity, and the resistance change reaches two orders of magnitude. Additions of graphene improve the sensitivity of the elements. The characteristics of the sensing elements at different sintering temperatures and different amounts of graphene dopant were modeled using an artificial neural network.
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    Influence of ce(iii)/ce(iv)-supplements on the characteristics of humidity sensors with tio2 films prepared via a sol-gel method
    (2013-03-01) Kozhukharov S.; Nenova Z.; Nenov T.; Machkova M.; Kozhukharov V.
    Humidity sensors have been prepared via a sol-gel method to deposit TiO2 films with additions of Ce-compounds on alumina substrates, with interdigitated silver palladium electrodes. Observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed in order to determine the surface morphology of the respective layers. Structural and compositional characterization was done by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for investigation of the relation between the film structures and the parameters of the respective sensors. The influence of Ce-compounds on the electrical characteristics of the samples as humidity sensing elements has been evaluated by an impedance analyzer.
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    Influence of Na Additives on the Characteristics of Titania-Based Humidity Sensing Elements, Prepared via a Sol–Gel Method
    (2025-10-01) Nenova Z.; Kozhukharov S.; Nedev N.; Nenov T.
    Humidity sensing elements based on sodium-doped titanium dioxide (Na-doped TiO2) were prepared using a sol–gel method in the presence of cerium ions and sintered at 400 °C and 800 °C. Titanium (IV) n-butoxide and a saturated solution of diammonium hexanitratocerate in isobutanol served as starting materials. Sodium hydroxide and sodium tert-butoxide were used as inorganic and organometallic sodium sources, respectively. The influence of sodium additives on the properties of the humidity sensing elements was systematically investigated. The surface morphologies of the obtained layers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental mapping was conducted by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Electrical properties were studied for samples sintered at different temperatures over a relative humidity range of 15% to 95% at 20 Hz and 25 °C. Experimental results indicate that sodium doping enhances humidity sensitivity compared to undoped reference samples. Incorporation of sodium additives increases the resistance variation range of the sensing elements, reaching over five orders of magnitude for samples sintered at 400 °C and four orders of magnitude for those sintered at 800 °C.