Browsing by Author "Polyakov V."

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    OBTAINING OF BALSAMIC POPLAR EXTRACT AS BIOSTIMULANT FOR AGRICULTURAL PLANTS
    (2024-01-01) Mechshanova A.; Polyakov V.; Surleva A.; Radoykova T.
    Modern varieties of agricultural plants have reached the limits of natural genetic variability in a few key parameters, and a further significant increase in their productivity and stress resistance using traditional approaches is extremely difficult. The use of biostimulants of various nature is considered as a promising way of sustainable development, allowing to increase yields without harmful effects on the environment. Plants are a source of a wide variety of biologically active substances (BAS), such as vitamins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, polysaccharides (gums, mucus, pectins, inulin, fibre, starch), flavonoids, resins, essential and fatty oils, organic acids, phytoncides, pigments and others. An important argument in favour of obtaining biologically active substances from poplar is the environmental friendliness of such a solution, since a lot of unused waste (bark, branches, wood) is generated during the logging process. The purpose of this study is to find the optimal extraction conditions and to investigate the influence of balsamic poplar extract on the change in physiological and biological parameters, as well as the productivity of soybean, cucumber, and sugar beet seeds. The qualitative composition of extracts from buds, twigs, catkins, and poplar wood processing waste has been determined. Among these extracts, the one from poplar wood processing waste is the most promising for further study due to its high content of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, amino acids, and polysaccharides. The optimal technological parameters for extracting these compounds have been identified, including the degree of grinding of the raw materials, the ratio of raw materials to extractant, the duration of extraction, and the concentration of the extractant. It has been found that the best extraction of flavonoids occurs when the raw materials are ground to a size of up to 15 mm and mixed with a ratio of 1:15 of raw materials to extractant for 36 hours using 96 % ethanol. The aftereffect of the application of the extract was traced in the ontogenesis of plants on the change in important physiological processes that influenced the productivity of products and their quality.
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    THE STUDY OF THE NATURAL SUBSTANCES OBTAINED FROM THE POPLAR BUDS AND THEIR USE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST THE ACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION
    (2023-06-30) Mechshanova A.; Polyakov V.; Radoykova T.
    Currently, natural plant extracts, which include biologically active substances, are increasingly used to produce medicines and cosmetics. In connection with the dangers of a radioecological crisis, special attention is paid to finding ways to protect against the effects of chronic exposure to low-intensity ionizing radiation in natural conditions. Currently, there is no ideal and safe radioprotective agent available, and we are seeing a great effort to find these agents from natural sources. Poplar extract is possible for use as a radioprotective shield from γ-radiation. Samples of protective screens were made from poplar extract on paper and showed a significant radioprotective effect. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are widely present in plants as a second metabolite and are considered for research depending on their benefits for human health, healing and preventing many disorders. The main biologically active properties of flavonoids include antioxi-dant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, rejuvenating, antibacterial and viral, neuroprotective and radioprotective action. The aim of this work was – the study of Flavonoids in an extract obtained from poplar buds and the possibility of their use for protection against radiation. Materials and methods. The object of research is the vegetative organs of poplar (buds). In the process of work, experimental studies were carried out on the extraction and separation of natural compounds, identification of flavonoids, and study of the chemical composition of biologically active complexes of poplar and preparations based on them. Research results. Data from these studies provide the identification of flavonoids by spectroscopy and quantification of flavonoids in poplar bud extract and can contribute to the optimization of radioprotection procedures. The main components found in the poplar buds dry extract are 2’,6’-dihydroxy-4’-methoxychalcone – are 2’,6’-dihydroxy-4’-methoxy-chalcone – 2.67 %, 3,4-dihydro-2’,6’-dihydroxy-4’-methoxychalcone – 2.33 %, pinobaxin – 1.91 %, chrysin – 0.76 %, pinostrobin – 0.04 %, pinocembrin – 0.61 %, tectochrysin – 0.54 % and galangin – 0.18 % of dry material. The results showed that the power of the penetrating radiation decreases with increasing the thickness of the protective screen. The power of penetrating radiation decreased from 78 % at the layer of 0.5 mm to 10 % at 3 mm layer thickness. Further increasing the thickness of the protective screen (>3 mm), doesn’t affect the dose rate. Conclusions. The composition of the poplar buds’ ethanol extract was investigated. Samples of protective screens made on the basis of poplar extract on paper showed a significant radioprotective effect on low-intensity ionizing radiation.