Browsing by Author "Samuneva B."

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    Examination of Humicola lutea immobilized in sol-gel matrices: Effective source of α-galactosidase
    (2008-01-01) Spasova D.; Aleksieva P.; Nacheva L.; Kabaivanova L.; Chernev G.; Samuneva B.
    α-Galactosidase production by the fungus Humicola lutea 120-5 immobilized in a hybrid sol-gel matrix, consisting of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor and a mixture of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA), was investigated under semicontinuous shake flask cultivation and compared to the enzyme secretion by free cells. The influence of the carrier weight on the α-galactosidase biosynthesis in repeated batch experiments was followed. Best results were obtained with 2 g of the sol-gel particles per culture flask using 144-h runs. The growth behaviour of the immobilized mycelium during both the growth and productive phases was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of abundant mycelial growth of intact hyphae correlated with a 2-fold higher enzyme activity compared to free cells. The obtained biocatalyst retained a high level of enzyme titer exceeding the activity of free cells during four cycles of operation (24 days). This result is confirmed by the micrographs showing the retained viability of the growing vegetative cells due to the protective role of the carrier. © 2008 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.
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    Organic/inorganic bioactive materials part I: Synthesis, structure and in vitro assessment of collagen/silicocarnotite biocoatings
    (2009-10-19) Hristov V.; Radev L.; Samuneva B.; Apostolov G.
    The silicocarnotite, as an inorganic part of the coatings, has been synthesized using a polystep sol-gel method. The chemical composition of the prepared silicocarnotite sol is described as 58.12 CaO, 29.42 P2O5, 12.45 SiO2 (wt%), where Ca/P+Si = 1,67. The acid soluble type I collagen, as an organic part of the obtained coatings, was mixed with silicocarnotite powder in a weight ratio of 25:75 and 75:25 weight ratio without cross-linkage. The acidity of the obtained mixture was readjust with 25% NH4OH to pH = 9.0. The mixture was then dried at 37°C for 12 h. The growth of B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (B-type CO3HA) in which CO32+ → PO43- on the surface of collagen/silicocarnotite coatings soaked in 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) was observed. The nucleation of B-type CO3HA was estimated on the obtained coatings after 3 days immersion in 1.5 SBF. The negatively charged carboxylate groups from the collagen surface may be responsible for the HA deposition. This was confirmed by the ``red shift`` of carboxylate groups of collagen molecules in the FTIR spectra. After soaking in 1.5 SBF, the morphology of prepared coatings and HA formation was observed by SEM. © Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
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    Organic/inorganic bioactive materials part II: In vitro bioactivity of Collagen-Calcium Phosphate Silicate/Wollastonite hybrids
    (2009-10-19) Radev L.; Hristov V.; Samuneva B.; Ivanova D.
    In the present study, novel hybrid materials of Collagen (C) and Calcium Phosphate Silicate/Wollastonite (CPS/W) were synthesized. The CPS/W ceramic was prepared via polystep sol-gel method. The dissolution test of CPS/W ceramic was filled with TRIS-HCl buffer. FTIR depicts that hydroxyl carbonate apatite (OHCO3HA) was observed after 3 days of immersion in TRIS-HCl buffer. Biohybrids of C-CPS/W were produced from diluted hydrochloric acid collagen type I and ceramic powder with different ratios of C and CPS/W equal to 25:75 and 75:25 wt.%. The synthesized hybrids were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. FTIR depicts a ``red shift`` if amide I could be attributed to the fact that the collagen prefers to chelate Ca2+ from partial dissolution of CPS/W ceramic. The growth of B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (B-CO3HA) on the C-CPS/W hybrids soaked in 1.5SBF was observed. The negatively charged carboxylate groups from the collagen may be responsible for hydroxyapatite (HA) deposition. This fact was confirmed by the ``red shift`` of carboxylate groups of collagen in FTIR spectra. The formation of HA was observed by FTIR, XRD and SEM. © Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
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    Silica hybrid nanocomposites
    (2006-03-01) Chernev G.; Samuneva B.; Djambaski P.; Salvado I.; Fernandes H.
    In this work we present experimental results about the formation, properties and structure of sol - gel silica based biocomposite containing Calcium alginate as an organic compound. Two different types of silicon precursors have been used in the synthesis: Tetramethylortosilicate (TMOS) and ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS). The samples have been prepared at room temperature. The hybrids have been synthesized by replacing different quantitis of the inorganic precursor with alginate. The structure of the obtained hybrid materials has been studied by XRD, IR Spectroscopy, EDS, BET and AFM. The results proved that all samples are amorphous possessing a surface area from 70 to 290 m2/g. It has also been established by FT IR spectra that the hybrids containing TMOS display Van der Walls and Hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions between the organic and inorganic components. Strong chemical bonds between the inorganic and organic components in the samples with ETMS are present. A self-organized nanostructure has been observed by AFM. In the obtained hybrids the nanobuilding blocks average in size at about 8-14 nm for the particles. © Central European Science Journals Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.
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    Sol-gel bioactive glass-ceramics Part I: Calcium phosphate silicate/ wollastonite glass-ceramics
    (2009-04-08) Radev L.; Hristov V.; Michailova I.; Samuneva B.
    In this work we present experimental results about synthesis, structure evolution and in vitro bioactivity of new calcium phosphate silicate/ wollastonite (CPS/W) glass-ceramics. The samples obtained were synthesized via polystep sol-gel process with different Ca/P+Si molar ratio (R). The structure of the materials obtained was studied by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. XRD showed the presence of Ca15 (PO4)2(SiO4)6, β-CaSiO3 and α-CaSiO3 for the sample with R=1.89 after thermal treatment at 1200°C/2h. The XRD results are in good agreement with FTIR analysis. SEM denotes that apatite formation can be observed after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). © Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
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    Sol-gel bioactive glass-ceramics Part II: Glass-ceramics in the CaO-SiO2-P2O5-MgO system
    (2009-04-08) Radev L.; Hristov V.; Michailova I.; Samuneva B.
    Ceramics, with basic composition based on the CaO-SiO2- P2O5-MgO system with different Ca+ Mg/P+Si molar ratio (R), were prepared via polystep sol-gel technique. The structure of the obtained ceramic materials has been studied by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of akermanite and HA for the sample with R = 1.68 and Mg substituted β-TCP and silicocarnotite for the sample with R = 2.16, after thermal treatment at 1200°C/2 h. The obtained results are in good agreement with FTIR. In vitro test for bioactivity in static condition proved that the carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CO3HA) can be formed on the surface of the synthesized samples. CO3 HA consisted of both A- and B-type CO32- ions. SEM micrographs depicted different forms of HA particles, precipitated on the surface after soaking in 1.5 simulated body fluid (SBF). © Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
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    Sol-gel nanomaterials with algal heteropolysaccharide for immobilization of microbial cells, producing a-galactosidase and nitrilase
    (2009-01-01) Djambaski P.; Aleksieva P.; Emanuilova E.; Chernev G.; Spasova D.; Nacheva L.; Kabaivanova L.; Salvado I.M.M.; Samuneva B.
    The main purpose of the present work is the sol-gel synthesis and structure of the hybrid nanomaterials as matrices for two types of cells, producing hydrolytic enzymes. The effect of different percent of algal polysaccharide included in them on the hydrolytic activity of fungal and bacterial cells was investigated. The hybrid sol-gel nanomaterials were synthesized from tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS) as a silicon precursor and heteropolysaccharide (AHPS) from the red microalga Dixonella grisea as an organic part. The structure of these matrices was investigated using different methods: FT-IR, XRD, BET-Analysis, EDS, SEM and AFM. The sol-gel hybrids were used for the immobilization of fungal (Humicola lutea) and bacterial (Bacillus sp.) cells, producing α-galactosidase and nitrilase, respectively. It was established the effect of the quantity of the heteropolysaccharide in the matrices on the activity of these hydrolytic enzymes. Using 20% AHPS in the hybrid nanomaterials the α-galactosidase yield exceeded over two-fold the enzyme titre of the free cells in the third cycle of repeated batch shake flask cultivation. These results correlated with a dense growth of immobilized mycelium observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The increase of the percentage of organic part in the sol-gel matrix up to 20% led to an increase in the nitrilase activity. The addition of 40% AHPS did not significantly affect the decrease of the nitrile biodegradation. © 2009 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.