Browsing by Author "Shtaplev I."

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    ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SOME METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF TUBE ROTARY KILNS
    (2023-01-01) Stanev R.; Mitov I.; Shtaplev I.; Harizanov V.
    It is emphasized that rotary kilns are units for high-temperature heat treatment of a wide range of materials in a continuous technological process. This type of equipment is used intensively in many industrial branches such as chemical, metallurgical, silicate, pharmaceutical and others. In metallurgy, these installations find application at heat treatment of bulk materials, for example at reduction of oxide ores, at calcination of limestone, drying of copper sulfide charge, cleaning of metal shavings from machine oil and others. An overview of the ways of heat transfer to the material processed in a given rotary kiln, as well as of the basic mathematical models for describing the complex transport phenomena in the considered units is made. An accent is put on the fact that due to their large size, rotary kilns are often installed on open areas within the industrial sites to whose equipment they are included. The variable weather conditions can have a significant impact on the energy flow that leaves the cage of such a unit. It dissipates uselessly in the environment, which is accepted as a reason to be widely characterized as “heat loss”. This concept contains some conditionality, because according to the law of conservation of energy, it can not be created and disappear, but is transformed from one species to another. Nevertheless, the convenience of expression it offers has led to its use in the present statement. The proposed work is focused on the analysis of results obtained from calculating the heat loss from a rotary kiln to the surrounding outside air at typical for the latitude and climatic features of Bulgaria average annual temperature and a presence of relatively weak constant wind. As a result of the performed calculations, conclusions have been made about the ratios between the individual heat fluxes from the outer surface of the unit to the environment, as well as practically oriented recommendations for improving the energy and environmental efficiency of the discussed equipment
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    POSSIBILITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PARKS ON INDUSTRIAL LANDS
    (2022-01-01) Stanev R.; Mihailova I.; Lazarov P.; Shtaplev I.
    It is carried out an overview of current European strategic documents regulating the guidelines for transition to a green, resource-efficient and competitive economy. The main place is given to industry and power engineering. It is pointed out that the elimination of the existing problems in these branches requires the most serious concentration of material and intellectual resources, as well as an entirely new approach to their solution. It is emphasized that in addition to a major overhaul of large power stations, this large-scale task can be supported by the diversification of electricity generation into smaller, flexible and based on modern environmentally friendly technologies generating facilities. On the ground of a critical overview of the literature on renewable energy sources (RES), as well as on our own previous studies, solar installations have been identified as especially suitable for such integration into factory circumstances. Finding suitable areas for their location is often associated not only with financial and technical, but also with significant infrastructure, logistics, urban, social and other difficulties. Given the above and in view of the desire for synergy between industry and energetics in solving their general and specific problems, as an aim of this study is chosen to be studied the possibilities for building of photovoltaic parks on industrial lands. Based on the analysis of three of the most widespread types of solar systems, conclusions and recommendations have been made for the choice of a concrete construction, as well as for the way of integrating such power generating equipment to the energy system of the respective plant. Three criteria are derived, according to which the technical-economical indicators of different variants for design and building of photovoltaic parks can be assessed under the restrictions imposed by the circumstances of the production area in the considered enterprise.