Browsing by Author "Stefanova V.P."

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    Technologies for the processing of polymetallic nodules from Clarion Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean
    (2017-01-01) Abramovski T.; Stefanova V.P.; Causse R.; Romanchuk A.
    Polymetallic nodules (PN) have been recognized as a potential source of base metals such as: Cu, Ni, Co and Mn. However, the leaching and other processing methods of PN is complex and difficult due to their amorphous structure and the presence of metals as oxide and hydroxide form. In the present paper three technologies for the recovery of base metals: Ni, Co, Cu and Mn from manganese nodules from the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) of the Pacific Ocean are reviewed and discussed. They were developed by research teams of the Interoceanmetal Join Organization (IOM): l Hydrometallurgical technology of selective dissolving of PN nodules using sulfur dioxide (TECHNOLOGY I); l A combined Pyro-hydrometallurgical technology for processing PN including reduction of nonferrous metals with coke (ore-smelting into electric furnace with producing of polymetallic alloy Cu-Ni-Co-Fe-Mn and SiMn slag and hydrometallurgical selective dissolution of alloy with resulting in a tradable product, a sulphide copper concentrate (54.9 % Cu and 30.9 % S) and high degree (> 99 %) of Ni, Co, Fe and Mn extraction in a productive solution (TECHNOLOGY II); l Hydrometallurgical technology for processing of PN into autoclave by pressure sulfuric acid leaching (PAL) using reducing agents - molasses and pyrite. (TECHNOLOGY III). It was found that for the choice of the technology for scaling up from laboratory tests to possible pilot plant experiments it is necessary to compare not only the efficiency of the results but also to conduct the deep economic analysis taking into account the possibilities for performance, the actual prices of metals, environmental pollution and others factors.