BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITES WITH ZINC OXIDE, Cu AND Ag NANOPARTICLES
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2023-01-01
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Abstract
The aim of this research is to obtain collagenŠµ nanocomposites based on graphene, graphene oxide, GO, zinc oxide and metal nanoparticles and to evaluate their pro-, antioxidant and biological activities by luminescent and standard microbiological assays. The antimicrobial activity of graphene composites with added nanosized zinc oxide, silver and copper nanoparticles was tested on Firmicutes bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228) and Gracillicutes Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The method of diffusion in agar was used in three variants - spot diffusion, well and paper-disc diffusion. The spot and diffusion disc approaches of the method have shown better effect than the well diffusion for testing the effect of graphene composites on bacteria. The composites with high ZnO content had the best antimicrobial properties against the tested bacteria. The cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites using normal MDCK and A549 epithelial sarcoma cells were tested for 24 h at a concentration of 100 mg mL-1. Cancer cells were found to be more sensitive than normal to the graphene composites, proving antitumor activity. The pro and antioxidant effects of the tested nanomaterials depend on the pH level. At physiological conditions, in the Fenton's system, all but RGO+Cu do not appear to be suitable as an implant nanomaterial. In the H2O2 oxidation system all materials present stable antioxidant effects; only ZnO+RGO+Cu is close to control prooxidant levels. When the nanomaterials are tested for oxidation by O2.- radicals, ZnO+RGO and Zn+RGO+Cu show prooxidant effects, as the prooxidant activity is kept for ZnO+RGO even at physiological acidity pH 7.4.